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تاريخ أوروبا في العصور الوسطى

تاريخ أوروبا في العصور الوسطى

  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: د.إيناس محمد البهيجي
  • الناشر: مركز الكتاب الأكاديمي
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
  • سنة النشر: 01 Jan 1970.
  • عدد مرات التحميل: 502882 مرّة / مرات.
  • تم نشره في: الإثنين , 14 ديسمبر 2015م.

وصف الكتاب:

يعتقد البعض أن اسم القارة الأوروبية مشتق من اسم الأميرة الفينيقية يوروبا التي كانت قد خطفت من قبل زيوس -إله السماء عند اليونان- على ظهر ثور وأخذت لجزيرة كريت حسب الميثولوجيا اليونانية. من بعد حادثة الخطف سميت اليونان باسم يوروبا وبحلول العام 500 ق.م امتد المقصود من الكلمة ليشمل الأراضي الواقعة شمال اليونانلأوروبا تاريخ طويل حافل بالأحداث والتغيرات الاجتماعية والثقافية والصراعات طويلة الأمد. العصر البليوليثي الذي اكتشفت بعض آثاره في مناطق في شبه الجزيرة الإيطالية وقدر تاريخها لحوالي 800 ألف سنة خلت هي أول فترة في تاريخ تلك القارة العريقةتنسب الحضارة الأوروبية الحديثة والتقدم الثقافي لبعض أجزاء تلك القارة لقدامى اليونان بشكل رئيس، كما أن للمسيحية تأثير كبير أيضا. قامت الإمبراطورية الرومانية على أجزاء واسعة من القارة الأوروبية وكان سقوطها في القرن الخامس الميلادي بوابة لكثير من التغيرات في القارة كان أبرزها ما حدث إبان عصر الهجرات. عانت أوروبا كثيرا في المعيشة في العصور المظلمة .

site.similarbooks

شاهد المزيد
بطاقات الأحرف
بطاقات الأحرف
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: دار العلم للملايين
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 27.89 AED
لوحات تربوية : ما هي الخضار
لوحات تربوية : ما هي الخضار
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: دار العلم للملايين
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 11.01 AED
الأوراق المتساقطة
الأوراق المتساقطة
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: رشاد غونتكن
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 29.36 AED
سلسلة معاً نقرأ : الثانية ... طرفة عين
سلسلة معاً نقرأ : الثانية ... طرفة عين
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: هيزل هاتشيز
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 18.35 AED
الجداول
الجداول
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: ايليا ابو ماضي
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 14.68 AED
الحركة الأدبية في المملكة العربية السعودية
الحركة الأدبية في المملكة العربية السعودية
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: بكري أمين
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 66.06 AED
سلسلة معاً نقرأ : الحمامة تجد شطيرة نقانق!
سلسلة معاً نقرأ : الحمامة تجد شطيرة نقانق!
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: مو ويليمز
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 16.52 AED
الخطابة القضائية
الخطابة القضائية
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: دياب يونس
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 40.37 AED
الخمائل
الخمائل
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: ايليا ابو ماضي
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 14.68 AED
طارق بن زياد : فاتح الأندلس
طارق بن زياد : فاتح الأندلس
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: لجنة التأليف التربوي
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: متنوع
النسخة الورقية 16.52 AED
القائمة البريدية

اشترك الان في النشرة الاٍخبارية و ترقب استقبال افضل عروضنا علي بريدك الاٍلكتروني

روابط سريعه
قائمة الكتب

جميع الحقوق محفوظة © 2020

MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews24RouteQueries49Models183MailsGateSessionRequest
7.4.33PHP Version330msRequest Duration6MBMemory UsageGET b-{book}Route
    • Booting (79.38ms)
    • Application (250ms)
    • 1 x Application (75.69%)
      249.57ms
      1 x Booting (24.07%)
      79.38ms
      24 templates were rendered
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        11
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        14
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        16
        href
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
        Params
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
        Params
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
        Params
        0
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      • guest.layout (resources/views/guest/layout.blade.php)15blade
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      uri
      GET b-{book}
      middleware
      web
      uses
      App\Http\Controllers\Guest\Books\DetailsController@__invoke
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\Guest\Books\DetailsController
      namespace
      App\Http\Controllers\Guest
      prefix
      where
      as
      books.details
      49 statements were executed, 14 of which were duplicated, 35 unique92.26ms
      bookmart_bookmart
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        • 18. middleware::bindings:39
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:171
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        350μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        300μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        300μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select `categories`.*, `book_category`.`book_id` as `pivot_book_id`, `book_category`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `categories` inner join `book_category` on `categories`.`id` = `book_category`.`category_id` where `book_category`.`book_id` = 1507
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:24
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        320μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
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        Metadata
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        330μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select `categories`.*, `book_category`.`book_id` as `pivot_book_id`, `book_category`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `categories` inner join `book_category` on `categories`.`id` = `book_category`.`category_id` where `book_category`.`book_id` = 2061
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
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        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/View/Composers/LayoutComposer.php:18
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:843
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:681
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Traits/ForwardsCalls.php:23
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      App\Content\Models\DataBaseModel
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          _token
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          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://www.bookmart.ae/b-147974" ]
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          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
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          status_code
          200
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
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          request_query
          []
          request_request
          []
          request_headers
            0 of 0   
          array:22 [▶
  "host" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "www.bookmart.ae"
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    0 => "US"
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  "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [▶
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  "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [▶
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  "accept" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  ]
  "user-agent" => array:1 [▶
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