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بروناي : أصالة الماضي وعصرية الحاضر

بروناي : أصالة الماضي وعصرية الحاضر

  • سنة النشر: 01 Jan 1970.
  • عدد مرات التحميل: 502882 مرّة / مرات.
  • تم نشره في: الإثنين , 14 ديسمبر 2015م.

وصف الكتاب:

بروناي أواتحاد برونــاي (بالمالايو: نيجارا بروناي داروسلام، بالجاوية: بروني دار السلام) وتعرف رسمياً باسم بروناي دار السلام أو أمة بروناي أو أرض السلام، هي دولة تقع على الساحل الشمالي لجزيرة بورنيو في جنوب شرق آسيا. تنقسم بروناي إلى منطقتين تفصلهما بلدة لمبانج التابعة لولاية سراوق الماليزية التي تحيط ببروناي بشكل كامل باستثناء ساحل بروناي الشمالي المطل على بحر الصين الجنوبي. بروناي هي دولة مستقلة على جزيرة بورنيو، حيث تتقاسم ماليزيا وإندونيسيا بقية الجزيرة. ترجع نشأة بروناي للقرن السابع الميلادي عندما كانت دولة لمملكة سريفيجايا تحت اسم 'بوني'. أصبحت في وقت لاحق دولة تابعة لإمبراطورية ماجاباهيت قبل اعتناق الإسلام في القرن الخامس عشر. خلال ذروة امتداد إمبراطوريتها، امتدت سيطرة السلطنة لتشمل المناطق الساحلية بما يعرف في هذه الأيام بسراوق وصباح وأرخبيل سولو والجزر الواقعة قبالة الطرف الشمالي الغربي من جزيرة بورنيو. زار فرديناند ماجلان هذه الدولة البحرية في عام 1521 وحاربت إسبانيا في حرب قشتالة سنة 1578. بدأت الإمبراطورية بالتراجع بعد إجبارها على التنازل عن سراوق لجيمس بروك والتنازل عن صباح لشركة شمال بورنيو المسجلة البريطانية. بعد خسارة ليمبانج، أصبحت بروناي محمية بريطانية سنة 1888، ثم أقام بها حاكم بريطاني سنة 1906. بعد انتهاء الاحتلال الياباني للبلاد، أعلنت بروناي دستوراً جديدا وخاضت ثورة مسلحة، ثم استعادت استقلالها من المملكة المتحدة في الأول من يناير 1984.أدى النمو الاقتصادي خلال السبعينيات والتسعينيات، والذي وصل معدله إلى 56% ما بين سنتي 1999 و 2008، إلى تحويل البلاد إلى دولة صناعية حديثة.

site.similarbooks

شاهد المزيد
يوم البسوس
يوم البسوس
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: خليل هنداوي
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 22.00 AED
معالم الأدب العربي في العصر الحديث
معالم الأدب العربي في العصر الحديث
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: عمر فروخ
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 40.37 AED
التاريخ العربي والمؤرخون : دراسة في تطور علم التاريخ ومعرفة رجاله في الإسلام
التاريخ العربي والمؤرخون : دراسة في تطور علم التاريخ ومعرفة رجاله في الإسلام
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: شاكر مصطفى
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 117.44 AED
العرب : تاريخ موجز
العرب : تاريخ موجز
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: فيليب حتي
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 22.02 AED
بيروت في التاريخ والحضارة والعمران
بيروت في التاريخ والحضارة والعمران
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: طه الولي
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 146.80 AED
تاريخ الشعوب الإسلامية
تاريخ الشعوب الإسلامية
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: كارل بروكلمان
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 73.40 AED
جزر الأندلس المنسية : التاريخ الإسلامي لجزر البليار
جزر الأندلس المنسية : التاريخ الإسلامي لجزر البليار
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: عصام سيسالم
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 66.00 AED
عبر التاريخ
عبر التاريخ
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: ول دورانت
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 18.35 AED
كلمة في تعليل التاريخ
كلمة في تعليل التاريخ
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: عمر فروخ
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 9.18 AED
مختصر تاريخ العرب
مختصر تاريخ العرب
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: سيد أمير علي
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: الجغرافيا والتاريخ والتراجم
النسخة الورقية 25.69 AED
القائمة البريدية

اشترك الان في النشرة الاٍخبارية و ترقب استقبال افضل عروضنا علي بريدك الاٍلكتروني

روابط سريعه
قائمة الكتب

جميع الحقوق محفوظة © 2020

MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews24RouteQueries49Models184MailsGateSessionRequest
7.4.33PHP Version243msRequest Duration6MBMemory UsageGET b-{book}Route
    • Booting (76.62ms)
    • Application (166ms)
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      1 x Booting (31.53%)
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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      • select `categories`.*, `book_category`.`book_id` as `pivot_book_id`, `book_category`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `categories` inner join `book_category` on `categories`.`id` = `book_category`.`category_id` where `book_category`.`book_id` = 1626
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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      • select `categories`.*, `book_category`.`book_id` as `pivot_book_id`, `book_category`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `categories` inner join `book_category` on `categories`.`id` = `book_category`.`category_id` where `book_category`.`book_id` = 1629
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 21. view::guest.home.book:18
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        260μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select `categories`.*, `book_category`.`book_id` as `pivot_book_id`, `book_category`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `categories` inner join `book_category` on `categories`.`id` = `book_category`.`category_id` where `book_category`.`book_id` = 1639
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:24
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        270μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:28
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        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 21. view::guest.home.book:2
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        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 21. view::guest.home.book:18
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select `categories`.*, `book_category`.`book_id` as `pivot_book_id`, `book_category`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `categories` inner join `book_category` on `categories`.`id` = `book_category`.`category_id` where `book_category`.`book_id` = 1640
        330μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:24
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        260μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:28
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        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 21. view::guest.home.book:2
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        240μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 21. view::guest.home.book:18
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select `categories`.*, `book_category`.`book_id` as `pivot_book_id`, `book_category`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `categories` inner join `book_category` on `categories`.`id` = `book_category`.`category_id` where `book_category`.`book_id` = 1641
        290μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:24
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        290μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:28
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/View/Composers/LayoutComposer.php:18
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:843
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:681
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php:785
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:629
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Traits/ForwardsCalls.php:23
        • 19. /app/Content/Models/PagesRepository.php:48
        • 20. /app/Content/ContentProvider.php:45
        • 21. view::guest.layout.footer:1
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
      App\Content\Models\DataBaseModel
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      App\Models\Publisher
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